A global invader: the worldwide distribution of Harmonia axyridis (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae)

Abstract: Native to Asia, Harmonia axyridis was used as a biological control agent of aphids and coccids and has spread to four additional continents. Since 1988 H. axyridis has established in at least 39 countries in its introduced range: three countries in North America, six in South America, 27 in Europe and three in Africa.