Biopesticides for integrated fruit production in Europe: obstacles and perspectives

Abstract: A general survey of the major biocontrol measures, commonly applied on pome and stone fruit in Italy and other European countries, is provided. Among the available biocontrol agents, special emphasis is put on microbial and botanical pesticides and beneficials. The major advantages and hurdles concerning their introduction into IPM strategies are examined. Suggestions on how to provide adequate technical support, an essential requirement for the development of these products, are made. The major problems that may be encountered in their commercial distribution are described. Finally, the role of supermarket chains and organized retail channels, stipulating their own and/or reduced Maximum Residue Levels, is discussed.