Determination of the susceptibility level of the predatory mite Neoseiulus californicus (Acari: Phytoseiidae) populations collected from the apple orchards in Isparta to etoxazole by using bioassay, synergists and detoxification enzymes levels

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Abstract: This study aimed to determine the susceptibility levels of Neoseiulus californicus (McGregor) (Acari: Phytoseiidae) populations collected from the apple orchards in Isparta in 2011 to etoxazole by using bioassay and detoxification enzyme levels. LC50 value of N. californicus populations were determined by using a spray tower with the leaf disk method. In 2011, six N. californicus populations were collected from the apple orchards. Moreover, the effect of the piperonyl butoxide (PBO), S-benzyl-O,O-diisopropyl phosphorothioate (IBP) and diethyl maleate (DEM) synergists on pesticides was examined. Esterase, glutathione S-transferases (GST), cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (P450) and asetilkolinesterase (AChE) in the populations were determined by using the kinetic method; and the enzyme of esterase was determined by using the electrophoresis and kinetic methods. According to LC50 values, compared susceptible populations, resistance ratio of Atabey-1, Atabey-2, Agılkoy-1, Agılkoy-2, Gonen and Yalvac populations collected from the ochard is determined to be 10.14, 11.34, 11.75, 14.41, 9.85 and 9.66 fold to etoxazole respectively. Etoxazole with synergistic effect rates for Atabey-1, Atabey-2, Agılkoy-1, Agılkoy-2, Gonen and Yalvac populations were determined to be 3.18, 3.13, 2.42, 2.45, 2.44 and 2.31 fold for PBO; 1.61, 2.50, 1.20, 2.61, 1.15 and 0.93 fold for IBP; 1.50, 1.25, 1.31, 1.63, 1.65 and 1.08 fold for DEM, respectively. The determined enzyme activity ranges of esterase, GST, P450 and AChE were between from 7.130 to 11.788, from 2.07 to 3.47, from 0.0223 to 0.0695 and from 0.0211 to 0.0243 mOD/min/mg proteins, respectively.

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