Molluscs in defense: Cellular and sub-cellular mechanisms in snails and slugsto cope with stress

Abstract: The paper reviews cellular and subcellular mechanisms which are – among possibleothers – responsible for the relative robustness of molluscs under stressful environmentalconditions (e.g. chemical or mechanical stress, extremely high and low temperature, drought, orchanges in the pH). It provides several explanations why representatives of this animal group arecapable to survive even under severely polluted conditions, and why others are capable to tolerateor neglect impacts of possible molluscicides.