Parameters defining success of EPN soil applications

Abstract: EPNs are often used without knowledge of the fundamental parameters that define
their successful establishment, host finding and invasion. It is generally accepted that EPNs
require water to move. The amount of water required to successfully establish EPNs in the soil matrix depends on soil water potential, soil type, pore volume and pore size. Agricultural and climatic parameters influence the efficacy and survival of EPNs in the soil. Use against aboveground pests has the advantage that many of these pests are highly susceptible, but on the other hand this two-dimensional environment is extremely challenging for EPNs. The surface tension of the application water immobilises the nematodes and low relative humidity limits their movement and survival. Different scenarios are presented and approaches to overcome the limitations are discussed.