Wireworm biology in Middle Europe - what are we facing?

Abstract: Wireworms and click beetles (Coleoptera, Elateridae) are problematic pests due to the lack of chemical insecticides, the occurrence of more than one species, their long developmental cycle and their polyphagy. The species set has slightly changed over the years. Nematode and entomopathogenic fungus efficacy against wireworms are wireworm species dependent.