Integrating pear ester into direct management programs for codling moth

Abstract: Several management approaches utilizing pear ester combined with codlemone have been developed in the first 10 years after the discovery of this ripe pear fruit volatile’s kairomonal activity for larvae and both sexes of codling moth. These include a lure that consistently outperforms other high load pheromone lures within pheromone-treated orchards, and the use of a microencapsulated formulation that can improve both mating disruption and the effectiveness of insecticide sprays. Field studies demonstrating the effectiveness of combining pear ester with codlemone are presented.