Problematic root, stem and shoot diseases on apple in Norway

Abstract: The following diseases of roots, stem or shoots of apple are more or less troublesome,but they all seem to be easily spread by planting material. Twig blight and canker caused byDiplodia sp. and Phomopsis sp. are new to Norway, but are thus far not widely distributed. Appleproliferation is widely distributed in the fruit growing areas, while fire blight has not beenobserved in the fruit areas, although it is widely spread along the western coast of the country.European canker, silver leaf and crown- and collar rot are endemic in the country.